Backhaul and Core Network Infrastructure
While access points and towers interface directly with users, they are only part of the broader Wireless Infrastructure picture. Behind each tower is a complex wired backhaul network that transports data traffic between towers and the core network. Fiber optic cables are typically used to link towers to aggregation points and switching centers. Redundant paths and connections ensure high availability. At the core are specialized servers and routers that administer the network, handle connections and account information, and provide access to services. Data centers house these core systems alongside storage solutions.

Advances in Wireless Technology
Regular advances in wireless technology have continuously improved network performance and capabilities. Early cellular networks relied on slow 2G technologies while modern 4G/LTE networks offer speeds comparable to wired broadband. Consumer and business demands for faster speeds and rising data usage are driving investments in 5G networks. 5G promises gigabit connections to enable new applications such as virtual/augmented reality and autonomous vehicles. Beamforming antennas and network densification using small cells are 5G techniques enhancing coverage and capacity. Meanwhile, new unlicensed Wi-Fi specifications like 802.11ax aim to better handle high-density deployments.

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