Stereolithography Apparatus, or SLA 3D printing, is a method employed for constructing objects layer by layer. It operates through vat photopolymerization, a technique wherein a resinous liquid undergoes selective curing via light-activated polymerization to form objects. Throughout the process, the build platform is either lowered into or raised out of a reservoir containing liquid photopolymer resin.

During SLA printing, a laser beam, typically ultraviolet (UV) light, is directed onto the surface of a photosensitive liquid in a point-to-point manner. This UV light is reflected onto the photopolymer resins by a series of mirrors or galvanometers, inducing solidification and adherence to the platform.

The laser traces the complete cross-section of the desired geometry to form a single layer. Following the curing of each layer, the build platform undergoes slight adjustments in height, and a fresh photopolymer layer is introduced. This iterative process continues until the object is fully fabricated.

SLA represents the initial iteration of resin 3D printers. Subsequent generations include Digital Light Processing (DLP), which employs a projector chip to project an entire layer of curing light, and Masked Stereolithography (mSLA), utilizing an LCD panel to project a complete layer of curing light.

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